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Spot prices for manganese 99.7% in flakes now vary in the range of 19,3-19,6 thousand yuan ($ 2972-3018) per ton.

However, the manufacturers claim that the market has stalled as buyers refuse to buy goods at such prices.

“The volume of trade is very poor, as demand is constrained by high prices, – stated the producer from Hunan – however, I do not think that prices will drop significantly because governmental conservation measures has severely declined the output, and supplies are limited”.

U.S. industrial production rose in May by 0.1%, although twice bigger level was expected, and the index of Empire State – a measure of the state of industry in the State of New York – was in June in a zone of negative values ​​for the first time since November 2010, having fallen to -7.8 from 11.9.

Investors have started to get nervous about the impact of this data on the prospects for U.S. economic growth and demand.

At the same time euro fell to near three-week minimum against the dollar on the aggravation of the concerns the ability of Europeans to deal with Greek debt crisis.

Moody’s has announced the possibility of revising the ratings (for the worse) of BNP Paribas, Societe Generale and Credit Agricole because of the sensitivity of these banks to “Greek drama”.

At the closing of the session, copper was trading at $ 9154 per tonne – it is by 0.2% worse than the results of trading the previous day.

“Very disappointing data eliminated yesterday’s redundant growth” – said the analyst of FastMarkets.com William Adams.

Other analysts also insist that the metals remain in the general downward trend and might continue to “ramp up” in the coming weeks.

Although the cost of copper futures on the Comex is holding above the psychologically important mark of $ 4 per pound, but their growth is not discussed.

“It’s impressive that metals keep the bar so well under the circumstances,” – said a senior analyst of Olympus Futures Charles Nedoss.

June 16, morning trading kept trend of last day – the prices for metals fell down again on the background of the further weakening of euro.

World production of lead was increased by 14%, while world consumption of metal – by 12.3%.

Extraction of lead was increased by 11% during the specified period due to higher volume production in China, India and Mexico, which more than offset the decline in production of this metal in Peru and the United States, according to a monthly report of ILZSG, in January-April the volume of world lead production totaled 3.316 million.

Consumption was 3.242 million tons. Growth in demand for refined lead has slowed, said ILZSG.

In the same period last year, the surplus in the market of refined lead was 23 thousand tons.

In Western countries, the excess of lead was at the level of 9,000 tons in January-April, with production volume – 1,700 million tonnes and 1.691 million tons demand.

Diamonds do not share the status of “asylum”, which has the gold, and the price for diamonds is more volatile than prices of the precious metals. While the spot price of gold this year has increased by about 25%, the price of diamonds fell by at least 10%, following the low rates of the luxury industry, according to the American edition of IDEX Online Diamond Prices, which tracks the asking prices of diamonds around the world.

Some jewelry experts hesitate in the utility of making investments in diamonds. David Bennett, the head of jewelry office of London auction house Sotheby’s located in the Geneva, working in Europe and the Middle East, said: “As is the case with objects of art, we would not advise to buy diamonds for investment purposes, although people are doing it. We believe that diamonds should be bought just for the fun of the fact that they are worn.

Investments in diamonds have controversial history, which covers most of the previous century, when the market was dominated by a cartel, headed by a group of mining companies De Beers. In recent years, however, the market expanded, and De Beers now controls 45% of the market, but Russia and Canada became the leading foreign suppliers.

But the growing demand for tangible assets and the diversification of investment portfolios this year led to the emergence of many diamond investment funds the founders of which believe that they can make a profit for investors in double digit percent.

In March 2009 the company KPR Capital, managing alternative investments, established open-ended investment fund diamond accepting investments for more than $ 250 000 (€ 168 168) in the Cayman Islands.

In November, an investment boutique Emotional Assets Management & Research established a fund that invests in collectibles, from paintings and rare stamps to diamonds and diamond jewelry. Foundation plans the growth rate of investment of 15% per annum with a minimum deposit of £ 100 000 (€ 111 967).

Dazzling Capital, the company based in London, invest directly in precious things relating to any period of history or art, has also opened its doors in November. Co-founders of the company are former Christie’s auctioneer Humphrey Butler, a former jockey and accountant William Sporborg and co-founder of a brokerage KBC Peel Hunt in the City, Christopher Holdsworth Hunt.

This company, which requires a minimum investment of £ 10 000, promising to about 11% of the profits, as one of its investors is Lady Madeleine Lloyd Webber, wife of British composer Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber. Investors can also rent jewelry from the company Dazzling Capital for a nominal fee of £ 50.

Other investors argue that diamonds are a too narrow branch, to get a significant result. Scilla Huang Sun, the director of securities in the company’s Swiss & Global Asset Management, said that they do not have a diamond fund, because this asset class is too narrow to create its own fund for it.

Diamonds trade is getting more complicated.

Until recently, the precious stones were considered illiquid assets. Auctions for them are rare, and their evaluation is considered to be art rather than science. But in January, Dealers Organisation for Diamond Automated Quotes (Dealers Automated Quotations organization for diamonds) – an online exchange for diamonds, managed by Dutch bank ABN Amro began its work.

Market in Belgium is trying to overcome other traditional barriers to investment in the diamond market, such as higher brokerage commissions and low liquidity, and suggested bilateral auctions for diamonds to form a first market with a cash payment for these precious stones.

Some gems “hold” value better than others. Holi Midvinter-Porter, a gemologist from the British company Boodles, said: “If you want to buy diamonds for investment purposes, they must be big and fancy. Red and green diamonds are the rarest and in contrast to, for example, white artificial diamonds, they are “finite”, since they can be found only in one or two places on the globe”.
She added that rare diamonds – are long-term investments and their portability makes them more attractive to some investors than gold or pieces of art.

Another option for investors – is the market of antique jewelry with diamonds, which are believed to be able to offer greater profit. In 2004, the auctioneer Butler made a deal at $ 4.5 million to the Louvre in Paris, whose object was an old necklace and earrings of the jeweler Nito, a gift by Napoleon Bonaparte to his second wife Marie Louise of Austria. For many years before the owners bought them at a price that is only a fraction of the price at which they were eventually sold.

Private buyers take advantage of the recovery in prices for diamonds, but buying at the auction could mean for buyers paying the large price premiums as high as 25% and VAT at such auction houses as Sotheby’s and Christie’s. Since the seller is also charged 10% to 15%, reaching up to £ 150 000, so that the auction house can pick up a much as 40% of the amount of each transaction.

In December of the previous year the diamond sold at the auction, cost a record amount. Blue Diamond Wittelsbach, weighing 36 carats, was sold for $ 24.3 million at the auction Christie’s in London. In May this year the record was set by bright blue diamond: 7 carat diamond Josephine change of owner for $ 9.4 million at Sotheby’s in Geneva. On the other Geneva-based auction Sotheby’s as the star lot was made a rare bright-green diamond, price of which is expected to reach $ 5 million. The size of this stone is like a small coin, but it has rare color that resulted from radiation in the rock, all this can make this brilliant the record-breaker.

Stephen Loussier, a representative of the world’s largest diamond company De Beers, expects significant growth in prices. According to him, after a difficult year during which the sale of De Beers fell by more than 10%, a small number of diamond mines in the world, as well as growth in demand for diamonds in China and India can make diamonds in a brilliant way to invest.

“In the XV century, people have learned how to get copper out of the blue streams, which flow from the mountains. But the mechanism of Vatting of non-ferrous metals from sulphide ores was understood much later, in the XX century, – says head of the Laboratory of the chemolithotrophs Microorganisms of the Institute of Microbiology named after S.N. Winogradsky Academy of Sciences Tamara Kondratieva to Infox.ru. – Chemolithotrophs acidophilic bacteria play the main role in this process.

They use ferrous iron, elemental sulfur and its reduced compounds as an energy source. This process is being conducted at values of pH 2-3, i.e. in a sufficiently acid medium, and in the temperature range 4-80 ° C. Among them there are mesophilic, i.e. the peak of activity of which is observed at 28-30 ° C, a moderately thermophilic, for which the optimum temperatures are 45-55 ° C, and thermophiles (heat lovers), it is mainly archaea, preferring to live in temperatures above 60 ° S.

There are generalists, which can oxidize all substrates. This is, for example, such a gram-negative bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. There are bacteria that can oxidize only iron or only sulfide component. All of these bacteria in natural ecosystems form communities. They are responsible for acidification of water bodies, pollution of heavy metal ions. Also, they destroy the sulfur deposits, turning them into sulfuric acid. That is, on the one hand, they bring harm to humans. And on the other hand – people have learned to use them for precious metals”.

“We are studying the physiology, morphology, genetics of these bacteria – continues Dr. Kondratyev. – In recent years, we have identified a new family of chemolithotrophs acidophilic archaea. Its representative – is a very interesting Archean, growing at a fairly low temperatures and oxidizes the iron, while the majority of these archaea oxidize sulfur. We also discovered several kinds of bacteria Sulfobacillus, for example Sulfobacillus sibiricus and Sulfobacillus olympiadicus.

Moreover, we have described them first, but now they are distinguished in different geographical areas, different substrates and different technological processes. Thus we have shown that species diversity is not very large, but very large strain diversity. We also describe the key factors responsible for this diversity. This is an energy substrate and the concentration of heavy metals.

When changing environmental factors, microorganisms begin to adapt to them. Typically, the changes are reversible, but in the case of irreversible changes in the structure of chromosomal DNA we can talk about the experimental getting of new strains. Non-permanent elements of the genome, such as plasmid – DNA molecules out of the chromosomes play the main role in the formation of new strains. Also, we are exploring the use of bacteria in hydro-bio-metallurgical technology that is improving the existing ones and creating new, cost-effective and environmentally safe ones”.

Technologies

“First, we need to study the metabolism of microorganisms in laboratory conditions – continued the candidate of biological sciences Anna Zhuravleva the story of Kondrateva to Infox.ru. – It helps to understand the behavior of the microbial community in certain concentrations of oxygen, temperature. Interesting properties of microorganisms are discovered: e.g., sulfobacillus, oxidizing sulfur and iron at high temperatures, evolutionarily developed the property to eat organic substrates.

“All the basic research being conducted in our laboratory, have important practical value – the doctor of science Natalia Fomchenko explained to Infox.ru. – Non-ferrous metals are extracted from sulphide ores by pyrometallurgical means, that is firing.

This entails a large amount of dust emission, sulfur dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Therefore an interest in hydrometallurgical processes increased worldwide. Particularly interesting are bio-hydro-metallurgical processes, i.e. the processes in the aquatic environment with the participation of microorganisms.

We propose the concept of two-stage bio-oxidation of sulphide concentrates containing non-ferrous metals and gold. The process is divided into chemical and biological stage, each of which creates optimal conditions for the processes.

In this configuration, it can compete with the pyrometallurgical not only according to the environmental but also economic indicators. The oxidant formed on the stage of bio-oxidation is directed to the stage of chemical leaching of the concentrates of sulfide ores.

It appears to be wasteless highly efficient process that allowed to obtain zinc and copper in the experimental conditions. For gold, this approach is also suitable. Previously gold in Russia was extracted from alluvial ore, but as their reserves were depleted, then the work goes with indigenous ores containing unoxidized sulfides. Bacteria can process ore, which can not be processed by any other technology”.

According to him, various funds have free cash now and hurry to put them in safe assets. “In the metals market in general, there are two major players. The first is China, acquiring resources, and the second is the funds that have available ready assets”, – said Khudoliy.

As he explained, the businessmen professionalized in the sale of metals, did not expect such rise in prices during the crisis. At the same time, there is a hidden trend of devaluation of dollar, for this reason the statements of the establishment of a new reserve currency became more frequent recently. In some countries dollar reserves are replaced by the euro, Russia and Kazakhstan are accumulating rubles.

“Under these circumstances, China’s actions are logical. This country has huge dollar reserves and is now saving up the gold resources. China previously resorted to such steps, but now China activated action, becoming the major buyer in the market of metal – said Khudoliy. – Businessmen involved in the sale of metal, now solve one problem – how to sell it. The market today is very limited, the only real buyer is China.”

Roman Khudoliy finds that the crisis for the industry has not yet ended. And the rise in price of precious metals does not mean that the demand for them actually increased. Turning to the price of gold, Khudolei noted that in any complex economic situation, investors consider gold the best way to protect capital and get down to buy gold.

“If you have a look at the jewelry market, where Europe and India are the major players, we see that these markets are marked by a severe recession, and to this day it has not been restored. That is, it is clear that in this case, investors view gold as a reserve asset. Then it is not posssible to say that the crisis has passed, and thus gold has risen in price.

The crisis will end when the real demand is restored, though it has not yet recovered”, – said Khudoliy. Moreover, he believes that the situation in the gold market indicates the investors’ expectations of a new wave of the crisis that prompts them to urgently transfer money into gold, which is always viewed as a more reliable means of storing capital. “When the world economy begins to recover, the price of gold will fall”, – concluded the president of the company GeoPromining.

The “Conquest” of the district must begin next year so that it would have gone to the required level by 2015. It is from 2010, when geologists will begin the exploration and receive the first 4 billion rubles of public money.

Priority-oriented directions of “Ural operations” are a search for deposits of iron, chromium, copper pyrites, uranium, gold. What is not surprising in the connection with the feverish pace of growth of prices for gold.

The main strong points are the Ob and Shchuchinsk iron zone, Ohtlyam-Yanyturinsk ore node, chromite ores – in the areas of Ray-Izsk and Voykar-Syninsk mines, copper and zinc – in the Volinsk and Northern-Sosyvinsk ore districts and Lekyn-Talbeysk ore node.

A characteristic feature of the upcoming exploration is a large-scale funding from extrabudgetary resources amounting according to the preliminary calculations 11.2 trillion rubles.

Accounting prices of precious metals set by the Bank of Russia, used for accounting purposes by credit institutions, beginning with the calendar day following the day of their establishment, and act till the new values of accounting prices  will come into force.

The Bank of Russia carries out the calculation of accounting prices each business day based on the current calculation on the spot market of metal in London, the values of AM Fixing of the price of gold, silver, platinum and palladium, which are converted into RUR according the official exchange rate of U.S. dollar to Russia’s ruble, current on the day following the date of the establishment of accounting prices.